The bridge occlusion balloon for venous angioplasty in superior vena cava occlusion

Abstract The Bridge Occlusion Balloon is a compliant balloon, specifically designed for temporary Superior vena cava occlusion in case of Superior Vena Cava laceration during lead extraction procedures. We here report the first case, using Bridge Occlusion Ballon for a venous angioplasty in a patient with dysfunctional pacemaker leads and symptomatic Superior Vena Cava occlusion. After successful lead extraction, venography was showing a narrow venous canal. Therefore, venous angioplasty using the Bridge balloon was performed. Especially for high-risk lead extraction cases in patients with Superior Vena Cava stenosis, the Bridge Occlusion Ballon might be used as a combination of a safety-net in case of Superior Vena Cava perforation and for Superior Vena Cava angioplasty.

Upper vena cava syndrome secondary to giant atrial myxoma

SUMMARY Cardiac myxoma is a benign neoplasm, which corresponds to the most common primary heart tumour, responsible for about 50% of the cases. In general, 75-80% of myxomas are located in the left atrium, 18% in the right atrium, and more rarely in the ventricles or multicentric. Right atrial myxoma, in particular, can obstruct the tricuspid valve, causing symptoms of right heart failure, peripheral oedema, hepatic congestion, and syncope. Systemic embolization occurs in 30% of cases, by either tumour fragmentation or total tumour detachment. In the present report, we present a case of a symptomatic patient, who showed a large right intra-atrial lesion, with consequent superior vena cava syndrome, and then underwent surgical resection at admission.

RESUMO O mixoma cardíaco é uma neoplasia benigna, que corresponde ao tumor primário mais comum do coração, responsável por cerca de 50% dos casos. De modo geral, 75 a 80% dos mixomas estão localizados no átrio esquerdo, 18% no átrio direito, e mais raramente, nos ventrículos ou multicêntricos. O mixoma atrial direito, em particular, pode obstruir a válvula tricúspide, causando sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca direita, edema periférico, congestão hepática e síncope. A embolização sistêmica ocorre em 30% dos casos, quer pela fragmentação do tumor ou pelo desprendimento total do mesmo. No presente relato, apresentamos um caso de uma paciente sintomática, que evidenciou grande lesão intra-atrial direita, com consequente síndrome da veia cava superior, sendo, então, submetida a ressecção cirúrgica na internação.

Síndrome de la vena cava superior por adenocarcinoma de pulmón a forma mediastinal / Superior vena cava syndrome due to lung adenocarcinoma on the mediastinal way

La primera descripción realizada del síndrome de la vena cava superior (SVCS) la realizó William Hunter en 1757, en un paciente con aneurisma sifilítico de aorta. Actualmente con el desarrollo de los tratamientos antimicrobianos estas enfermedades son raras y se deben en un gran porcentaje a patologías malignas. Las neoplasias malignas dan lugar al 90 por ciento de los casos de SVCS y son en su mayoría carcinomas de pulmón. Menos comúnmente el SVCS maligno está producido por linfomas, metástasis y tumores intratorácicos como mesoteliomas o timomas. El objetivo es presentar una forma poco habitual del síndrome de la vena cava superior ocasionada por una neoplasia de pulmón cuya variante histológica, el adenocarcinoma, no suele producir esta forma de presentación radiológica. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 48 años de edad, fumadora, operada de neumotórax izquierdo, que acude a consulta refiriendo la aparición de dolor y aumento de volumen localizado en el cuello, hombro y miembro superior derecho de 3 meses de evolución, de moderada intensidad, permanente, asociado con la presencia de impotencia funcional y edema del miembro superior. En consultas previas se le diagnosticó bursitis y se prescribió tratamiento antiinflamatorio y fisioterapia empeorando la sintomatología, decidiéndose la realización de ultrasonido del hombro derecho. Clásicamente se describe que el adenocarcinoma se manifiesta radiológicamente como un nódulo o una masa pulmonar solitaria, periférica, lo cual difiere con nuestro caso cuya forma de presentación es un síndrome de la vena cava superior siendo una forma poco habitual en este tipo histológico(AU)

The first description of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) was made by William Hunter in 1757, in a patient with syphilitic aortic aneurysm. Currently, with the development of antimicrobial treatments, these diseases are rare and largely due to malignant pathologies. Malignant neoplasms account for 90 percent of cases of SVCS and are mostly lung carcinomas. Less commonly, malignant SVCS is produced by lymphomas, metastases and intrathoracic tumors, such as mesotheliomas or thymomas. The aim of the study is to present an unusual form of the SVCS caused by a lung neoplasm whose histological variant, adenocarcinoma, does not usually produce this form of radiological presentation. We present a patient aged 48, smoker, operated for left pneumothorax, who comes to office referring the onset of pain and increased volume located in the neck, shoulder and right upper limb of 3 months of evolution, of mild intensity, permanent, associated with the presence of functional impotence and edema of the upper limb. In previous consultations, he was diagnosed with bursitis and anti-inflammatory and physiotherapy treatment was prescribed, the symptoms worsened, while ultrasound of the right shoulder was decided. Classically, adenocarcinoma is described as radiologically manifested as a solitary, peripheral nodule or lung mass, which differs with our case, whose presentation is a superior vena cava syndrome being an unusual form in this histological type(AU)

An unusual cause of intraoperative acute superior vena cava syndrome.

Acute intraoperative superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is an exceedingly rare complication in the cardiac surgical population. We describe the case of a 71-year-old female undergoing multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting who developed acute intraoperative SVC syndrome following internal thoracic artery harvest retractor placement. Her symptoms included severe plethora, facial engorgement and scleral edema, which was associated with hypotension and severe elevation of central venous pressure. Transesophageal echocardiography was crucial in the diagnosis, management, and optimal retractor placement ensuring adequate SVC flow. Potential causes of intraoperative SVC syndrome are reviewed as well as management options.

CT Demonstration of the Extracardiac Anastomoses of the Coronary Veins in Superior Vena Cava or Left Brachiocephalic Vein Obstruction

CT scans in four cases of chronic superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction demonstrate a systemic-to-cardiac collateral venous pathway through anastomoses between the pericardial branches of systemic veins and the presumed adventitial veins of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. These adventitial veins then drain into tributaries of the anterior cardiac veins or ventricular coronary veins.